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Devoir de memoire/A Biography of Disappearance, Algeria 1992 view details>>

Guardians of Memory

Only in times of change monuments can be established and memorial meetings can be held. If the disappearances have taken place a while ago and the memory threatens to get lost, it is all the more important to remember the victims and the period of history they were part of. This is also in the interest of new generations. To make concrete what is written about memorials in this paragraph, we would like to present examples of ways in which committees of relatives have fulfilled their task of ‘Guardians of Memory’

Education

Some committees of relatives, like the Argentinean organisation H.I.J.O.S (which unites the children of the disappeared), dedicate their efforts to establishing education projects. They give lectures and provide information. In Chile, a committee of relatives has set up a museum and a temporary exhibition about history and its victims. In addition to this, there is also a project in which school children have written letters to disappeared persons. These letters were subsequently wrapped around a beautiful stone with a piece of rope and stored into a glass box. This box now has the function of a monument.

Trees

In 1995, a forest with young trees was planted in Spain. Each tree represents a disappeared person from Argentina and carries his or her name.

Writing

People write books in remembrance of disappeared persons. Especially the books which have been written by the relatives themselves, are very personal. The books ‘Grain de Sable’ and ‘Noces d’Absence’ by Nadine Bari, for instance. With these books, Nadine Bari takes the readers along on her search for her husband Djibril who has disappeared in Guinea under Sékou Touré (1971). In Grain de Sable Nadine Bari tells about her requests for help to Amnesty International, the Vatican and the Red Cross. She also tells about the hope, the uncertainty and the support she found with fellow-sufferers. Bari’s other book, 'Noces d’Absence', is even more touching. It describes her return to Guinea with her children years after her husband disappeared. This, again, is a search. Her feelings, her fears and her recollections are written down in monologue and are a homage to her husband, Djibril.

Publicity

Papers may also be a good way of keeping the memory alive. The Madres de laPlaza de Mayo in Argentina, for instance, distribute an open letter along with the papers on Mothers’ Day. In these letters they bring the past when their beloved ones disappeared, back to life. Events like upcoming elections, 10 December (human rights day), the International Week of the Disappeared (last week of May); All Saints or public holidays are also good opportunities to confront people by means of media publications with the periods in history they prefer to . In addition to this, it is common practice in some countries to place memorials in  newspapers remembering birthdays or other personal days of festivity of the disappeared person.

Memorial Meetings

In 1996, Sylvia Dlomo Jele, co-founder of the South African Khulumani Support Group, attended a meeting in the Netherlands organised by Linking Solidarity. She told us back then that she wanted to return home as soon as possible because she did not want to miss a memorial meeting which took place the day after the conference. She had to return to light candles, one candle for each disappeared person. She remarked that she had to hold as many candles as possible because some disappeared persons did not have relatives to do this for them.

Religious Meetings

Religious meetings dedicated to those who have disappeared, are organised practically everywhere. Candles are lit and the names of those who have disappeared are named.

Burial Grounds

In Chile, but in other countries too, certain sections of cemeteries have been reserved for disappeared persons who cannot be buried. This way of remembering provides the disappeared persons with their resting-place after all. At the public cemetery of Santiago de Chile the names and four faces of disappeared persons have been engraved in granite and marble. This provides them with a presence which otherwise would not have been possible.

Monuments

In countries like the Philippines, Uruguay, Argentina, Sri Lanka, Bosnia and Switzerland monuments have been erected dedicated to the disappeared. In other countries unfortunately similar initiatives are frustrated. In Kashmir for instance, the foundation stone of a monument in remembrance of the disappeared was taken down one hour after its inauguration in 2001. A new stone was erected in 2005. In Thailand family members still wait for the realisation of the monument for the victims of the 1992 massacre that was promised by the government in 1993.