Violent Deaths and Enforced Disappearances During the Counterinsurgency in Punjab, India
ENSAAF and HRDAG
2009, ENSAAF and Benetech:
El informe de Ensaaf y HRDAG, "Las Muertes Violentas y las Desapariciones Forzadas Durante la Contrainsurgencia en el Punjab, India" presenta los resultados empíricos que sugieren que la intensificación de las operaciones en el Punjab a comienzos de 1990 estuvo acompañada por un cambio en la violencia estatal de estar violaciones letales de derechos humanos a desapariciones forzadas y ejecuciones extrajudiciales sistemáticas, acompañadas "cremaciones ilegales" en masa. Funcionarios hindúes de seguridad han desestimado las reclamaciones de violaciones de los derechos humanos calificándolas de "aberraciones" inevitables en la contrainsurgencia contra de presuntos terroristas en el Punjab desde 1984 a 1995.
Tabla de contenido:
1 Executive Summary
2 Introduction
3 Background
3.1 Historical Context
3.2 The Body Count: A Scoring System
4 Motivation for this Quantitative Analysis
4.1 Enforced Disappearances, Extrajudicial Executions, and “Illegal Cremations”: Modalities of State Violence in Punjab
4.1.1 Enforced Disappearances
4.1.2 Fake Encounters
4.1.3 “Illegal Cremations”
4.2 The Data
4.2.1 Official Administrative Records of Mass Cremations
4.2.2 Information Collected by the National Human Rights Commission of India
4.2.3 Information Collected by the Committee for Coordination on Disappearances in Punjab
4.2.4 Information Collected by the People’s Commission on Human Rights Violations in Punjab
4.2.5 Newspaper Articles from the Tribune
4.3 Limitations of the Available Data
5 Observed Patterns in Reported Lethal Violence in Punjab
5.1 Patterns of Reported Lethal Violence Over Time
5.1.1 The Nature of Lethal Violence Reported in the Tribune Across Time
5.1.2 Patterns of Reported Enforced Disappearances, Extrajudicial Executions, and “Illegal Cremations” Across Time and Space
6 The Nature of Reported Lethal Violence in Punjab
6.1 Encounter Killings: Deaths of Security Forces vs. Deaths of Alleged Militants
6.2 Individual vs. Multiple Victims
6.3 Lethal Human Rights Violations Reported to the CCDP
7 The Demographic Profile of Victims of Lethal Violence and “Illegal Cremations”
8 Conclusions
9 Future Research Directions
10 About the Authors
11 Acknowledgments
A Methods Appendix
A.1 Data Standardization
A.1.1 Standardization of Date Information
A.1.2 Standardization of Place Information
A.2 Spatial Representation of Data using Maps
A.3 Deduplication of Data Sources
B Corrections to the Printed Version of this Report
Fuente(s):
| Idioma | Formato | Fuente |
|---|---|---|
| English | PDF document | ver/descargar |